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SOCIAL STUDIES
No topic in sociolinguistics has been studied more than the history and the structure of African American English (AAE). Also referred to as African American Vernacular English (AAVE), Black English, and Ebonics, there is debate on the status of African American English as a distinct dialect of American English spoken by many African Americans or as a language in its own right.
Americans have gone to war to win their independence, expand their natural boundaries, define their freedoms, and defend their interests around the globe. The Price of Freedom examines how wars have shaped the nation’s history.
A More Perfect Union focuses on the experiences of Japanese Americans who were placed in detention camps during World War II, this online exhibit is a case study in decision-making and citizen action under the U.S. Constitution.
From the death cults of Egypt to the fearsome yet sophisticated society of the Vikings, the ancient world was a surprising and challenging place. Explore the in-depth sections.
AncientMesoMesopotamia, an ancient Greek term meaning "the land between rivers," is considered to be the cradle of civilization because this is where we find the origins of agriculture, written language, and cities. Mesopotamia should be more properly understood as a region that produced multiple empires and civilizations rather than any single civilization.
Visit Ancient Mexico to explore the art, culture and history and civilizations of Ancient Mesoamerica.
It starts with Leonardo da Vinci’s famous sketches of flying machines, then moves to the first hot air balloon launched by the Montgolfier brothers in 1783, the gliders created by Sir George Cayley (1804), and the Wright brothers’ first flight at Kitty Hawk in 1903. These great moments and others all get covered in this Animated History of Aviation.
Artcyclopedia is a form of Internet search engine with over 2,900 art sites, and offer over 160,000 links to more than 180,000 artworks by 9,000 renowned artists. The main mode of searching within the site, and the main way that web surfers find their way to us, is a search on an artist's name.
Providing access to art related resources on the web to millions of people since 1985, Art History is an extremely comprehensive collection.
Asia Society is the leading educational organization dedicated to promoting mutual understanding and strengthening partnerships among peoples, leaders and institutions of Asia and the United States in a global context. Across the fields of arts, business, culture, education, and policy, the Society provides insight, generates ideas, and promotes collaboration to address present challenges and create a shared future.
The Aviation History Online Museum is a great place to find history, pictures and videos of aircraft and the folks who pioneered them. A section on aviation theory has plenty of information of particular interest to flight students.
BECOMING AMERICAN: The Chinese Experience illuminates their all-too-forgotten role in settling the West and building the western leg of the Transcontinental Railroad, perhaps the greatest engineering feat of the 19th century.
Black History Month is an annual celebration of achievements by African Americans and a time for recognizing the central role of blacks in U.S. history. Also known as African American History Month, the event grew out of “Negro History Week,” the brainchild of noted historian Carter G. Woodson and other prominent African Americans.
Official site of the Office the Governor, providing information about the administration, issues, statements, and programs.
The California State Archives serves a wide variety of researchers whose interests range from legislative intent and public policy to genealogy and railroad history in California.
Welcome to the California State Assembly’s homepage . Here, you will find information on legislation, your Assemblymember’s contact information and website, as well as links to other government resources and information on the Assembly’s personnel and expenditures.
Welcome to the California State Legislature web site, the gateway to California's Legislative web sites.
Each California Senator represents all Californians. On each Senators' Home Page you will find his/her email address, Capitol and District addresses and phone numbers, a map of the district, the Member's biography, a list of all the legislation authored by that Senator and more.
Celebrating America’s Freedoms is a downloadable collection of stories about some of America’s most beloved customs and national symbols. The collection includes a variety of topics for researching or planning activities for national observances such as Memorial Day, Veterans Day, and Flag Day.
Senator Robert F. Kennedy described Cesar Chavez as "one of the heroic figures of our time." A true American hero, Cesar was a civil rights, Latino and farm labor leader; a genuinely religious and spiritual figure; a community organizer and social entrepreneur; a champion of militant nonviolent social change; and a crusader for the environment and consumer rights.
These three documents, known collectively as the Charters of Freedom, have secured the rights of the American people for more than two and a quarter centuries and are considered instrumental to the founding and philosophy of the United States.
The World Factbook provides information on the history, people, government, economy, geography, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues for 267 world entities. Our Reference tab includes: maps of the major world regions, as well as Flags of the World, a Physical Map of the World, a Political Map of the World, and a Standard Time Zones of the World map.
The Civil War in the United States began in 1861, after decades of simmering tensions between northern and southern states over slavery, states’ rights and westward expansion.
CountryWatch provides critical country-specific intelligence and data through its suite of products to over 4000 clients including public and private sector organizations with overseas operations and global interests.
One of history's most important tasks is to identify myths and misconceptions and correct them. No where is this more important than in the study of the Indian peoples of North America. Until remarkably recently, the History of Native Americans largely reflected the perspective, perceptions, and prejudices of European Americans. This site provides a different and more comprehensive perspective.
The Electoral College was established by the founding fathers as a compromise between election of the president by Congress and election by popular vote. Read more about how the terms "Elector" and "Electoral College" came into usage.
This category includes maps that typically portray the physical environment and a variety of cultural elements for a geographic area at a particular point in time. The maps in this category show a geographic area larger than a city or town and do not display a subject that is part of one of the thematic categories
At the National Women’s Hall of Fame, our mission all day, every day is “Showcasing great women…Inspiring all!” We are achieving our mission in a variety of ways while preserving our historical roots through the induction of great women into the Hall of Fame.
A look at life under Jim Crow in Piedmont, WV during Henry Louis Gates, Jr.’s childhood and in Chattanooga, TN during Samuel L. Jackson’s childhood.
The Hispanic Reading Room is the primary access point for research related to the Caribbean, Latin America, Spain and Portugal; the indigenous cultures of those areas; and peoples throughout the world historically influenced by Luso-Hispanic heritage, including Latinos in the U.S. and peoples of Portuguese or Spanish heritage in Africa, Asia, and Oceania.
HISTORY Classroom offers resources for teachers, parents and students including education guides, learning tools, and links to educational content.
Smithsonian's History Explorer offers hundreds of free, innovative online resources for teaching and learning American history. The site is designed for use by K-12 teachers and students, after-school program providers, families, and individuals interested in lifelong learning.
Mexico is a large, dynamic Spanish-speaking nation with a diverse landscape and a rich history that includes the temples of Chichen Itza, the Mexican Revolution, Cinco de Mayo and the Mexican-American War.
What is money? By definition, it's something of value. But over the last 10,000 years, the material form that money has taken has changed considerably—from cattle and cowrie shells to today's electronic currency. Here, get an overview of the history of money.
Holidays, whether somber or jovial, are a time for families and communities to come together, commemorate historic events and usher in the seasons. Holidays are often a time to reconnect with friends and family. Did you know that Americans send over 1.5 billion Christmas cards and 150 million Valentine's Day cards annually? Whether sacred or secular, every celebration has its own unique story. Discover the history behind the holidays.
Who made the first star map? When did people know that the Earth was round? When were sunspots discovered? History & People's links will lead you to biographies of scientists who lived at different times through history. Discover the people who made science history!
The Hmong Studies Journal is a unique and established peer-reviewed Internet-based academic publication devoted to the scholarly discussion of Hmong history, Hmong culture, Hmong people, and other facets of the Hmong experience in the U.S., Asia and around the world.
A living memorial to the Holocaust, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum inspires citizens and leaders worldwide to confront hatred, prevent genocide, and promote human dignity.
The mission of the Computer History Museum is to preserve and present for posterity the artifacts and stories of the information age. As such, the Museum plays a unique role in the history of the computing revolution and its worldwide impact on the human experience.
The Lemelson-MIT Program has helped thousands of students and educators learn to invent and has recognized hundreds of collegiate and midcareer inventors for 25 years.
Jazz is recognized around the world for its rich cultural heritage rooted in the African-American experience. Since its inception in the early 20th century, jazz has contributed to and been a reflection of American culture. It is widely considered to be the only truly original American art form.
The Jewish Virtual Library (JVL) is the most comprehensive online encyclopedia of Jewish history, politics and culture. With nearly 25,000 entries, the JVL is a one-stop shop for students of all ages interested in anything from anti-Semitism to Zionism.
Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968. Half a century later, King remains one of the most vivid symbols of hope for racial unity in America. But that's not the way he was viewed in the last year of his life.
The Lewis and Clark Trail is a cultural destination that covers over 4,600 miles, crosses four time zones, and showcases some of the most beautiful and rugged areas of America.
The official web site of Malcolm X has everything you want to know about this historical figure. Read his biography and read inspirational quotes from this talented speaker. Browse the photo gallery for pictures of Malcolm X throughout his life!
The Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund is the nation’s leading Latino legal civil rights organization. Our commitment is to protect and defend the rights of all Latinos living in the United States and the constitutional rights of all Americans.
Born January 15, 1929, Atlanta, Ga., — died April 4, 1968, Memphis, Tenn.) Martin Luther King, Jr. was a Baptist minister and social activist who led the civil rights movement in the United States from the mid-1950s until his death by assassination in 1968. His leadership was fundamental to that movement's success in ending the legal segregation of African Americans in the South and other parts of the United States.
Welcome to Mayflower History, the Internet's most complete and accurate web site dealing with the Mayflower, the Pilgrims, and early Plymouth Colony.
Media Smarts focuses its efforts on equipping adults with information and tools to help young people understand how the media work, how the media may affect their lifestyle choices and the extent to which they, as consumers and citizens, are being well informed.
The Napoleonic Guide is the best independent reference source for everything you need to know about the life and times of Napoleon Bonaparte. It has more than 4000 pages of information covering all aspects of the greatest era in world history.
NE4ArtsThe National Endowment for the Arts was established by Congress in 1965 as an independent agency of the federal government. To date, the NEA has awarded more than $4 billion to support artistic excellence, creativity, and innovation for the benefit of individuals and communities.
Welcome to NationMaster, a massive central data source and a handy way to graphically compare nations. NationMaster is a vast compilation of data from such sources as the CIA World Factbook, UN, and OECD. Using the form above, you can generate maps and graphs on all kinds of statistics with ease.
Since 1970, the Native American Rights Fund (NARF) has provided legal assistance to Indian tribes, organizations, and individuals nationwide who might otherwise have gone without adequate representation.
For two weeks in August 1936, Adolf Hitler's Nazi dictatorship camouflaged its racist, militaristic character while hosting the Nazi Summer Olympics. Minimizing its antisemitic agenda and plans for territorial expansion, the regime exploited the Games to impress many foreign spectators and journalists with an image of a peaceful, tolerant Germany.
Nobelprize.org is the official web site of the Nobel Prize. Here you will find information for every Nobel Prize since 1901, including the Nobel Laureates' biographies, Nobel Lectures, interviews, photos, articles, video clips, press releases, educational games and more.
To help us think, talk and teach about the rights and responsibilities of citizens in our democracy, we invite you to explore 100 Milestone Documents of American history. These documents reflect our diversity and our unity, our past and our future, and mostly our commitment as a nation to continue to strive to "form a more perfect union."
In this resource you will find background information, election results, cabinet members, notable events, and some points of interest on each of the presidents. Links to biographies, historical documents, audio and video files, and other presidential sites are also included.
WE TRACK THOUSANDS OF POLITICIANS EACH AND EVERY DAY! Their Biographies, Issue Positions, Voting Records, Public Statements, Ratings and their Funders.
Pyramid HistoryPyramid, presented by the BBC, offers a great collection of in-depth articles, interactive activities, multimedia galleries, timelines and more about the Egyptian Pyramids. Build a Pyramid, learn about their development or take the pyramid challenge.
Reconstruction (1865-1877), the turbulent era following the Civil War, was the effort to reintegrate Southern states from the Confederacy and 4 million newly-freed people into the United States.
The first were brought in 1619. The last were freed in 1865. In the intervening 250 years, slaves labored to make America what it is today. Slavery and the Making of America takes an in depth look at this period of American history.
This collection provides access to pictures and drawings that depict the slave trade and atrocities committed against African Americans.
This digital memorial raises questions about the largest slave trades in history and offers access to the documentation available to answer them. European colonizers turned to Africa for enslaved laborers to build the cities and extract the resources of the Americas. They forced millions of Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas, and from one part of the Americas to another. Analyze these slave trades and view interactive maps, timelines, and animations to see the dispersal in action.
The Smithsonian Institution is the world's largest museum, education, and research complex. We are a community of learning and the opener of doors. Join us on a voyage of discovery and explore and learn online.
Through world-class collections, scholarship, concerts, exhibitions and programs, Smithsonian Jazz at the National Museum of American History explores and celebrates the American experience through the transformative power of jazz.
Established in 1969, the Southern California Indian Center, Inc. (SCIC) is a non-profit, community based organization dedicated to serving the American Indian, Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian communities of Los Angeles, Orange, and Riverside Counties.
This site will help students appreciate the grandeur of the Supreme Court and understand how the Court -- constitutionally equal to the Presidency and the Congress -- developed historically and how it works today.
Teaching Tolerance is a place for educators to find thought-provoking news, conversation and support for those who care about diversity, equal opportunity and respect for differences in schools.
Visit this History Channel site to learn about historical events that have happened on each day of the year. Sign up for daily notifications to stay informed.
The extensive collection of papers preserved in the archive at the Edison National Historic Site - approximately 5 million pages in all - is the product of Thomas Alva Edison's sixty-year career as inventor, manufacturer, and businessman.
This biography of Ulysses S. Grant paints a revealing portrait of one of America's most paradoxical leaders. In 2011 AMERICAN EXPERIENCE will rebroadcast this film as U.S. Grant: Warrior, an abridged 90-minute version of the film, focusing on Grant as a Civil War hero and a brilliant military strategist who rose from obscurity to a rank held previously only by George Washington.
The Underground Railroad was a network of people, African American as well as white, offering shelter and aid to escaped slaves from the South.
Since 1968, UnidosUS—formerly known as NCLR—has remained a trusted, nonpartisan voice for Latinos. We serve the Hispanic community through our research, policy analysis, and state and national advocacy efforts, as well as in our program work in communities nationwide.
The U.S . & World Population Clock shows a series of projections for the resident population of the United States and throughout the world . This includes people whose usual residence is in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. These projections do not include members of the Armed Forces overseas, their dependents, or other U.S . citizens residing outside the United States.
Elected to a two-year term, each U.S. House of Representatives member serves the people of a specific congressional district by introducing bills and serving on committees, among other duties.
Visit Senate.gov to learn about the men and women who have represented each state in the United States Senate. Scroll through a timeline of milestones and significant events. Learn how each state helped shape the Senate, and how the Senate influenced each state.
The Voices of Democracy project promotes the study of great speeches and debates in U.S. history. The emphasis of the project is on the actual words of those who have defined the country’s guiding principles, debated controversial social and political issues, and shaped the identity and character of the American people.
From the Ground Floor Corridor rooms, transformed from their early use as service areas, to the State Floor rooms, where countless leaders and dignitaries have been entertained, the White House is both the home of the President of the United States his family and a museum of American history.
Our world has been shaped by two all-consuming conflicts - and by a global superpower stand-off that brought the world to the brink of destruction. Explore the in-depth sections.
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